Pseudomembranous colitis: clinical case report

Abstract

Pseudomembranous colitis is a condition associated with Clostridium difficile infection, characterized by yellowish or whitish plaques. Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive agent that acts opportunistically by reducing the colon's mechanical defenses (colonial microbiota) due to antibiotic use. This scenario promotes bacterial proliferation, with toxins A and B playing a significant role in its pathogenesis. Pseudomembranous colitis has a high mortality rate when it progresses to toxic megacolon. This case is an atypical presentation in which diarrhea is not the primary sign of infection, but rather abdominal obstruction. Furthermore, it is objectively analyzed using the Atlanta score to predict treatment response and patient mortality. Treatment for pseudomembranous colitis is based on oral vancomycin in combination with metronidazole.